Migrations et Seeders — Laravel 12

php artisan make:migration create_users_table
php artisan make:migration add_avatar_to_users_table --table=users
php artisan make:model Post -m  # avec migration

<?php
// database/migrations/2023_12_01_000000_create_users_table.php
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
return new class extends Migration
{
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('name');
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
            $table->string('password');
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
 
    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('users');
    }
};

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    // Numériques
    $table->integer('votes');
    $table->bigInteger('views');
    $table->decimal('price', 8, 2);
    $table->float('rating');
    
    // Chaînes
    $table->string('title');
    $table->string('slug', 100);
    $table->text('content');
    $table->longText('description');
    $table->char('status', 1);
    
    // Dates
    $table->date('published_at');
    $table->datetime('created_at');
    $table->timestamp('deleted_at')->nullable();
    $table->year('birth_year');
    
    // Booléen et binaire
    $table->boolean('is_active');
    $table->binary('data');
    
    // JSON et enum
    $table->json('settings');
    $table->jsonb('metadata'); // PostgreSQL
    $table->enum('status', ['draft', 'published', 'archived']);
    
    // UUID et IP
    $table->uuid('identifier');
    $table->ipAddress('visitor_ip');
    $table->macAddress('device_mac');
    
    // Géométrie (PostgreSQL)
    $table->geometry('coordinates');
    $table->point('location');
});

Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->string('name')->after('id');           // Position
    $table->string('email')->unique();              // Unique
    $table->string('phone')->nullable();            // Nullable
    $table->integer('age')->default(18);            // Valeur par défaut
    $table->string('slug')->index();                // Index
    $table->text('content')->comment('Post content'); // Commentaire
    
    // Timestamps automatiques
    $table->timestamps();
    $table->softDeletes(); // deleted_at nullable
});

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained(); // users.id
    $table->foreignId('category_id')->nullable()
          ->constrained()->onDelete('set null');
    $table->timestamps();
});
 
// Contrainte personnalisée
$table->foreign('author_id')
      ->references('id')
      ->on('users')
      ->onDelete('cascade')
      ->onUpdate('restrict');

Schema::create('role_user', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->foreignId('role_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->primary(['user_id', 'role_id']); // Clé composite
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->string('sku')->unique();
    $table->decimal('price', 8, 2);
    $table->integer('category_id');
    $table->boolean('active');
    
    // Index simple
    $table->index('name');
    
    // Index composite
    $table->index(['category_id', 'active']);
    
    // Index unique
    $table->unique(['name', 'category_id']);
    
    // Index personnalisé
    $table->index('name', 'products_name_index');
    
    // Full-text (MySQL/PostgreSQL)
    $table->fullText('description');
    $table->fullText(['title', 'description'], 'products_search_index');
    
    // Spatial (PostgreSQL)
    $table->spatialIndex('location');
});

php artisan make:migration add_avatar_to_users_table --table=users

Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->string('avatar')->nullable();
    $table->integer('login_count')->default(0)->after('email');
    $table->timestamp('last_login_at')->nullable();
});

// Renommer
$table->renameColumn('name', 'full_name');
 
// Modifier type (requiert doctrine/dbal)
$table->string('name', 100)->change();
$table->integer('votes')->unsigned()->change();
$table->text('description')->nullable(false)->change();

Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->dropColumn('avatar');
    $table->dropColumn(['avatar', 'login_count', 'last_login_at']);
    
    // Supprimer index
    $table->dropIndex('users_name_index');
    $table->dropUnique('users_email_unique');
    
    // Supprimer contraintes
    $table->dropForeign(['category_id']);
    $table->dropForeign('posts_category_id_foreign');
});

php artisan make:seeder UserSeeder
php artisan make:model Category --seed

<?php
// database/seeders/UserSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use App\Models\User;
 
class UserSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        // Création manuelle
        User::create([
            'name' => 'Admin User',
            'email' => 'admin@example.com',
            'password' => Hash::make('password'),
            'email_verified_at' => now(),
        ]);
 
        // Avec factory
        User::factory()->count(10)->create();
        User::factory()->unverified()->count(5)->create();
        User::factory()->admin()->create();
    }
}

<?php
// database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
namespace Database\Seeders;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
 
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run(): void
    {
        $this->call([
            UserSeeder::class,
            CategorySeeder::class,
            PostSeeder::class,
        ]);
        
        // Ou directement
        // User::factory(10)->create();
    }
}

php artisan make:factory UserFactory --model=User

<?php
// database/factories/UserFactory.php
namespace Database\Factories;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use Illuminate\Support\Str;
 
/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\User>
 */
class UserFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition(): array
    {
        return [
            'name' => fake()->name(),
            'email' => fake()->unique()->safeEmail(),
            'email_verified_at' => now(),
            'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi',
            'remember_token' => Str::random(10),
        ];
    }
 
    public function unverified(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'email_verified_at' => null,
        ]);
    }
 
    public function admin(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'name' => 'Admin User',
            'email' => 'admin@example.com',
        ]);
    }
}

<?php
// database/factories/PostFactory.php
namespace Database\Factories;
 
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
 
/**
 * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Post>
 */
class PostFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition(): array
    {
        return [
            'title' => fake()->sentence(),
            'content' => fake()->paragraphs(3, true),
            'user_id' => User::factory(),
            'category_id' => Category::inRandomOrder()->first()->id,
            'published_at' => fake()->optional(0.7)->dateTime(),
            'created_at' => fake()->dateTimeBetween('-1 year', 'now'),
            'updated_at' => now(),
        ];
    }
 
    public function published(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'published_at' => fake()->dateTimeBetween('-6 months', 'now'),
        ]);
    }
 
    public function draft(): static
    {
        return $this->state(fn (array $attributes) => [
            'published_at' => null,
        ]);
    }
}

php artisan migrate
php artisan migrate --force              # production
php artisan migrate --path=database/migrations/xxx_create_users_table.php
php artisan migrate:status
php artisan migrate:rollback
php artisan migrate:rollback --step=3
php artisan migrate:reset
php artisan migrate:refresh
php artisan migrate:refresh --seed
php artisan migrate:fresh
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

php artisan db:seed
php artisan db:seed --class=UserSeeder
php artisan db:seed --force
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

public function up(): void
{
    if (app()->environment('local', 'testing')) {
        Schema::create('debug_logs', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->text('message');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
}

public function run(): void
{
    $this->call([
        CategorySeeder::class,
        UserSeeder::class,
    ]);
 
    if (app()->environment('local', 'testing')) {
        $this->call([DevelopmentDataSeeder::class]);
    }
 
    if (app()->environment('production')) {
        $this->call([ProductionDataSeeder::class]);
    }
}

php artisan tinker
>>> Schema::getColumnListing('users');
>>> Schema::getColumnType('users', 'email');
>>> Schema::hasTable('users');
>>> Schema::hasColumn('users', 'avatar');

php artisan migrate --pretend
php artisan migrate --pretend --path=database/migrations/xxx_create_users_table.php