Routing — Routes et Controllers Laravel 12

// routes/web.php    // Routes web (sessions, CSRF)
// routes/api.php    // Routes API (stateless)
// routes/console.php // Commandes Artisan

Route::get('/', fn () => 'Hello World');
Route::get('/user/{id}', fn ($id) => "User {$id}");
Route::get('/user/{name?}', fn ($name = null) => $name ?? 'Guest');
 
// Contraintes
Route::get('/user/{id}', fn ($id) => "User {$id}")
    ->where('id', '[0-9]+');
 
// Contraintes globales (RouteServiceProvider)
Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+');

Route::match(['get', 'post'], '/', fn () => '...');
Route::any('/', fn () => '...');
 
// Redirections
Route::redirect('/old', '/new');
Route::permanentRedirect('/old', '/new');
 
// Routes de vue
Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome');
Route::view('/welcome', 'welcome', ['name' => 'Taylor']);

php artisan make:controller UserController
php artisan make:controller PostController --resource
php artisan make:controller API/PostController --api
php artisan make:controller PostController --model=Post --resource

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
 
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
use Illuminate\View\View;
 
class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct(
        private UserService $userService
    ) {}
 
    public function index(): View
    {
        $users = User::paginate(10);
        return view('users.index', compact('users'));
    }
 
    public function store(StoreUserRequest $request): JsonResponse
    {
        $user = $this->userService->create($request->validated());
        return response()->json($user, 201);
    }
 
    public function show(User $user): View
    {
        return view('users.show', compact('user'));
    }
}

Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
// Génère 7 routes CRUD automatiquement
 
// Routes partielles
Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->only(['index', 'show']);
Route::resource('photos', PhotoController::class)->except(['create', 'store']);
 
// API resource (sans create/edit)
Route::apiResource('posts', API\PostController::class);
 
// Nested resources
Route::resource('posts.comments', CommentController::class);

<?php
class DeletePostController extends Controller
{
    public function __invoke(Post $post): RedirectResponse
    {
        $post->delete();
        return back()->with('success', 'Post deleted');
    }
}
 
// routes/web.php
Route::delete('/posts/{post}', DeletePostController::class);

Route::get('/user/profile', [UserController::class, 'show'])
    ->name('user.profile');
 
Route::get('/user/{id}', [UserController::class, 'show'])
    ->name('user.show');
 
// Utilisation
<a href="{{ route('user.profile') }}">Profile</a>
<a href="{{ route('user.show', $user->id) }}">{{ $user->name }}</a>
 
return redirect()->route('user.profile');
return redirect()->route('user.show', ['id' => $user->id]);

Route::prefix('admin')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/users', [AdminController::class, 'users']);
    Route::get('/posts', [AdminController::class, 'posts']);
});
 
Route::middleware(['auth', 'verified'])->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index']);
});
 
// Combinaison complète
Route::prefix('api/v1')
    ->middleware(['api', 'auth:api'])
    ->group(function () {
        Route::apiResource('users', UserController::class);
        Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class);
    });

php artisan make:middleware CheckAge

<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
 
use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
 
class CheckAge
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($request->age < 18) {
            return redirect('home');
        }
        return $next($request);
    }
}

// Enregistrement (Kernel.php)
protected $routeMiddleware = [
    'age' => \App\Http\Middleware\CheckAge::class,
];
 
// Application
Route::get('/profile', fn () => '...')->middleware('age');
Route::get('/admin', fn () => '...')->middleware(['auth', 'admin']);
Route::get('/profile', fn () => '...')->middleware('role:editor,admin');

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\API;
 
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
 
class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index(): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json(User::paginate(10));
    }
 
    public function store(StoreUserRequest $request): JsonResponse
    {
        $user = User::create($request->validated());
        return response()->json($user, 201);
    }
 
    public function show(User $user): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json($user);
    }
 
    public function update(UpdateUserRequest $request, User $user): JsonResponse
    {
        $user->update($request->validated());
        return response()->json($user);
    }
 
    public function destroy(User $user): JsonResponse
    {
        $user->delete();
        return response()->json(null, 204);
    }
}

// Sanctum (SPA/mobile)
Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group(function () {
    Route::apiResource('users', UserController::class);
});
 
// Passport (OAuth2)
Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
    Route::apiResource('users', UserController::class);
});

php artisan make:request StorePostRequest

<?php
namespace App\Http\Requests;
 
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
 
class StorePostRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }
 
    public function rules(): array
    {
        return [
            'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'content' => 'required|string',
            'category_id' => 'required|exists:categories,id',
            'published' => 'boolean',
            'tags' => 'array',
            'tags.*' => 'exists:tags,id',
        ];
    }
}

public function store(StorePostRequest $request): JsonResponse
{
    $post = Post::create($request->validated());
    return response()->json($post, 201);
}

// Vue
return view('welcome', ['name' => 'Taylor']);
 
// JSON
return response()->json(['name' => 'Taylor', 'age' => 28]);
return response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthorized'], 401);
 
// Download
return response()->download($pathToFile);
return response()->file($pathToFile);
 
// Redirect
return redirect('/home');
return redirect()->route('profile');
return redirect()->away('https://laravel.com');
 
// Avec données flash
return redirect('/dashboard')->with('success', 'Profile updated!');